2002; Whiteside-Mansell, Bradley, Tresch Owen, Randolph, & Cauce, 2003). However, previously reported race differences in the relationship between parent-reported discipline practices and teacher-rated behavior problems at school (Deater-Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1996; Lansford, Deater-Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 2004) were not supported here. African American teens’ reports of problem behaviors were positively related to psychological costs, which include harsher forms of discipline, and this relationship was not different than demonstrated in the European American portion of the sample.
