The 26 phenotypes included in this study were previously harmonized across the PAGE studies and white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, type 2 diabetes, cigarettes per day, coffee consumption, QT interval, QRS interval, PR interval, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), height, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate assessed using the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) equation. Single-variant association testing was completed for all phenotypes using phenotype-specific models, adjusting by indicators for study, self-identified race/ethnicity as a proxy for cultural background, phenotype-specific standard covariates and the first 10 PCs. Additional information about phenotype-specific cleaning, exclusion criteria and the model covariates are included in the Supplementary Information.
