Most magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies report lower levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in recently sober subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUD) relative to healthy controls in several brain regions including frontal areas (Bendszus et al., 2001; Durazzo et al., 2004; Durazzo et al., 2010; Fein et al., 1994; Jagannathan et al., 1996; Schweinsburg et al., 2003) and cerebellum (Bendszus et al., 2001; Durazzo et al., 2010; Jagannathan et al., 1996; Parks et al., 2002; Seitz et al., 1999). Levels of NAA, which when compromised can, in certain cases, reflect neuronal loss or damage (Moffett et al., 2007), and are useful in determining regions of the brain that are particularly susceptible to the untoward effects of alcohol. Similarly, below control levels of choline-containing compounds (Cho) in AUD patients shortly following detoxification are also reported in frontal (Durazzo et al., 2004; Ende et al., 2005; Fein et al., 1994) and cerebellar (Bendszus et al., 2001; Ende et al., 2005; Parks et al., 2002; Seitz et al., 1999) regions (but see, Hermann et al., 2012; Modi et al., 2011). Together with changes in
