Parenting style was assessed using the Parenting Styles Inventory (Steinberg et al., 1992), which asks students about the parent or guardian that they lived with while growing up. It consists of two subscales: Parental Involvement and Autonomy Granting. The parental involvement subscale is comprised of nine items (α = 0.82), which measure how involved the parents are in the child's life. The autonomy granting subscale is made up of 9 items (α = 0.68) that measure how much individuality and freedom the individual was given by their parents. Sum scores were computed for individuals with five or more non-missing values.
