and aggressive behavior in a study of a Dutch family cohort,15 and later, MAOA low activity allele and childhood maltreatment interaction was linked to antisocial behavior.16 Recently, Tielbeek et al.17 reported the first genome-wide approach in the analysis of population-based samples of cases with antisocial behavior compared with population-based controls with only a little or no antisocial tendencies. Their study revealed no genome-wide significant associations, and the strongest association was observed in DYRK1A gene (P=8.70 × 10−5). In conclusion, although a number of studies have investigated antisocial behavior, no genome-wide significant or replicable findings on genes contributing to ASPD have been obtained thus far.
