In summary, we report 12 independent genome-wide significant loci associated with ADHD in GWAS meta-analysis of 55,374 individuals from 12 study cohorts. The GWAS meta-analysis implicates FOXP2 and other biologically informative genes as well as constrained regions of the genome as important contributors to the etiology of ADHD. The results also highlight strong overlap with the genetics of ADHD-related traits and health risk behaviors in the population, encouraging a dimensional view of ADHD as the extreme end of a continuum of symptoms.
