In summary, numerous substances have been linked with neurocognitive outcomes in adolescents. Studies have found that numerous factors can impact findings, including total exposure (quantity/frequency, including binge alcohol measures), potency and content (especially cannabis), route of administration, outcomes such as hangover symptoms, and co-use of substances. Therefore, thorough measurement of substance use patterns and other qualifying factors (i.e., potency, cannabis content, route of administration) across numerous substances categories from childhood through adolescence is an important component of the ABCD Substance Use module. The substance use patterns assessed by the module include alcohol, cannabis and cannabinoids (smoked cannabis, edible cannabis, cannabis concentrations, cannabis-infused alcohol, cannabis tinctures, synthetic cannabinoids), nicotine (tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, hookah, tobacco pipe, nicotine replacement), caffeine, cocaine, cathinones, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy or molly), ketamine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, heroin, hallucinogens (including lysergic acid diethylamide, phencyclidine, peyote, mescaline, N-dimethyltryptamine, alpha-methyltryptamine, or 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine), psilocybin, salvia, anabolic steroids, inhalants, prescription stimulants, prescription sedatives, prescription opioids, and OTC cough or cold medicine. Further, the Substance Use workgroup will release the substance use patterns assessment tools to the scientific community in an attempt to improve harmonization (see Supplemental Material) (Conway et al., 2014).
