Leave-one-out test of robustness yielded odds ratio estimates ranging from 0.88 to 0.92, with none of the 20 iterations showing significant heterogeneity. This tight range of ORs centered on the overall odds ratio indicates that our finding was not driven by a single dataset. Only a few of the individual iterations showed significant association (e.g. 4 of 20 when using α′ =9.76×10−3 as the significance threshold), likely due to the reduced sample size.
