We corrected for population stratification by applying the genomic control method38 to each of the individual study results. When we applied a more stringent second correction for the overall genomic control inflation factor across all 32 studies, 10 of the 40 possible novel menarche variants fell below genome-wide significance (Fig. 1; Table 1). However, our subsequent finding of confirmatory evidence (P<0.05) even in our limited replication studies for 4 of these 10 variants (in/near TRIM66, TMEM108, TMEM18 and NFAT5) suggests that the second correction for genomic control is likely to be over-conservative.
