To confirm this result based entirely on regulatory enrichment, we also used an alternative gene-centric approach. Genes associated with each brain disorder were identified based on fetal and adult brain H-MAGMA, and their expression values were compared between prenatal and postnatal stages. There was a clear distinction between psychiatric and degenerative disorders. Genes associated with psychiatric disorders were highly expressed during prenatal stages, while genes associated with degenerative disorders were highly expressed postnatally (Fig. 2b–c, see Supplementary Data 3 for statistics). The only exception was MS, which displayed prenatal enrichment. This distinction between psychiatric and degenerative disorders was less clear in cMAGMA: ASD- and BD-associated genes were postnatally enriched, AD-associated genes did not display postnatal enrichment, and ALS-associated genes were prenatally enriched (Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Data 3).
