Our analysis used pharmaceutical claims data of 304,676 individuals ages 12–64 in the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases who received buprenorphine treatment for OUD (Figure 1). Our cohort, spanning from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016, represents claims for insured active employees, early (non-Medicare) retirees, and dependents insured by employer-sponsored plans as well as Medicaid insurance holders, spanning all 50 states.(22) Details on data extraction are in the eMethods 1. As all data were de-identified, our analysis was exempt from human subjects review by the Washington University Institutional Review Board.
