Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) assessed group differences on age and education, differences between ALC and PSU on drinking and smoking severities, days of abstinence, anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as basic clinical laboratory measures (see Table 1). Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) examined group differences on ICV-normalized volumes of 4 GM regions (i.e., fGM, pGM, oGM, tGM), 4 WM regions (fWM, pWM, oWM, tWM), 5 subcortical regions (i.e., lenticular GM, caudate GM, thalamus GM, total brainstem and total cerebellum) and 5 CSF regions (i.e., fCSF, pCSF, oCSF, tCSF and ventricular CSF) separately (f, p, o and t stand for frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal, respectively). For total and regional cortical GM volumes and CSF, only age was a significant predictor of group variances and was therefore used as a covariate. For total and regional lobar WM volumes, only the body mass index (BMI) contributed significantly to the variances and therefore was the only used covariate. Neither age nor BMI was a significant predictor of subcortical tissue volume variance. Participants’ cigarette smoking status was not a significant predictor of
