From its inception, COGA has focused on the importance of brain function and on developing novel brain intermediary phenotypes of risk for and consequences of alcohol use and AUD. This has been done through the examination of neuropsychological tests and noninvasively recorded brain electrical activity during resting state and cognitive tasks, and more recently, by deriving measures of neural synchrony and connectivity (3. Brain Function). About 80% of those with brain function data have more than one assessment, yielding a relatively large longitudinal cohort with these data.