Many interview participants described how, as a result of novel TD collaborations, their current research included new conceptual models and theories; innovative applications of methods from one discipline or field to another; development of new measures, instruments, and software; and novel and important research findings in previously unexplored areas of science. In addition, they said that their current research was more sophisticated, with more variables and assays, larger sample sizes, and more complex designs, including multiple endpoints and multi-level analyses. They explained that these enhancements had produced scientific findings that were more innovative, holistic, or relevant to solving real-world problems.