Statistical analysis was conducted as indicated in the text and figure legends using Prism (GraphPad). Parametric tests (t-test or ANOVA) were used where assumptions of normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and equal variance (F test or Bartlett's test) were met and were replaced by nonparametric equivalents where appropriate (Mann Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis). Main effects and interactions for all ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests are described in the text. The appropriate post hoc tests (Bonferroni or Dunn's) are listed for each condition examined. All t-tests were two-tailed using a p value of 0.05.