(v) Willingness to Participate in Health-Related Research That Includes Gene Analysis. Twenty one items were used to assess willingness to participate in health-related research that included gene analysis. Items in which participants were asked if they had ever participated in medical research were included. If participants reported that they had never participated in medical research, they were queried as about their willingness to participate and their willingness to provide personal, social, occupational and medical information, and biological specimens for genetic analysis.