the limiting factor. Third, only one of the results from analyses of individual SNPs in the replication samples would be considered significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons using a conservative Bonferroni correction (threshold, P=.004 in EAs and P=.006 in AAs without taking intermarker correlations into account). An alternative approach to evaluating the impact of multiple testing on our results is measuring the rate of false discovery. Because the expected number of findings for a trait that surpass a nominal significance level of P=.05 in the AA sample would be less than 1 (0.05 × 9 informative SNPs × 0.5), assuming a 1-tailed test (and there were at least 3 significantly associated SNPs for each trait, taking into account the high correlation among SNPs 5 through 9 in AAs [Figure]), it is unlikely that our findings for CD and CIP in the AA replication sample are spurious. The significant global tests of association of MANEA haplotypes with CD and CIP in the EA replication sample take into account the comparisons of multiple haplo-types. In summary, our study shows that MANEA gene variants are strongly associated with CD and CIP in both EA and AA populations. This finding, which was discovered initially
