Figure 4 shows the interplay between the biomarkers discussed above and the complex causal relationships between them. For example, the elevation of Inflame preceded the elevation of NdStress because there are no samples with high NdStress but low Inflame. The correlation between NdStress and Inflame is, however, low in AD samples where NdStress is active (ρ = 0.21, p = 0.004). We also observed a low correlation between NdStress and Alz (ρ = 0.21, p = 0.004) and moderate correlation between Alz and Inflame (ρ = 0.47, p = 1E–11) in AD samples.
