Hypertension (20.5%), asthma (12.5%) and hypothyroidism (8.1%) were the top three medical comorbidities found in bipolar patients. Migraine and hypothyroidism were seen three times higher in females (OR = 3.074 and OR = 3.001; respectively). Females with bipolar disorder had higher odds of comorbid inflammatory disorders like asthma (OR = 1.755), Crohn’s disease (OR = 1.197) and multiple sclerosis (OR = 2.440) compared to men. Among the cardiometabolic comorbidities, females had higher odds of obesity (OR = 2.011) followed by diabetes (OR = 1.159). The gender-wise distribution of comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder is shown in Figure 1.
