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Chunk #29 — Discussion

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Stress-response pathways are altered in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholics.
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genes identified by at least 2 of these collected studies (Supplemental Table S4). Five genes were identified in 4 studies, and are thus strong candidates for further study: selenoprotein P (SEPP1), heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3), transferrin (TF), EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3), and contactin associated proteinlike 2 (CNTNAP2). SEPP1 binds selenium and has antioxidant activity and is down-regulated by both inflammatory cytokines like IL1β (Dreher et al., 1997) and glucocorticoids (Rock & Moos, 2009); it is decreased in the hippocampi of alcoholics (Supplementary Table S2). Transferrin is an iron transporter and is also a negative acute phase response protein; it is also decreased. HP1BP3 has been identified as a biomarker for postpartum depression (Guintivano et al., 2013). EDIL3 can stimulate cerebral angiogenesis (Fan et al., 2008) and was down-regulated in mouse embryos exposed to ethanol (Zhou et al., 2011a). CNTNAP2 is an extremely large protein in the neurexin family, polymorphisms in which were recently found to be associated with depression and schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population (Ji et al., 2013). Several pathways identified using this list of genes overlap with the pathways identified by our study (Supplemental Table S5, Section A) which include