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Chunk #1 — Introduction

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Effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and withdrawal on neuroblastoma cell transcriptome.
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We modeled the effects of repeated binge drinking on a neuroblastoma cell line, using chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol (CIE). This model will be useful to determine whether the effects of repeated ethanol exposures differ from those seen after single acute exposure (e.g. McClintick et al., 2014; McClintick et al., 2019). CIE has been modeled in animals in several ways (Becker & Lopez, 2004; Bell, Rodd, Engleman, Toalston, & McBride, 2014; Jury et al., 2017; McClintick et al., 2015). The Becker protocol in many mice studies uses four 16 h cycles of ethanol vapor separated by 8 h periods of withdrawal (Becker & Lopez, 2004; Jury et al., 2017). In P (alcohol preferring) and HAD (high alcohol drinking) rat strains, which voluntarily consume ethanol, several different multiple scheduled access protocols have been used, including a single 2 h or 4 h bout, or four 1 h bouts during the dark cycle, usually for 5 days a week for 3–4 weeks (Bell et al., 2014; McBride et al., 2013; McClintick et al., 2015). These protocols can achieve high blood alcohol levels