Covariates for all logistic regression analyses included demographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, region of country, and urban vs. rural residence). Because previous research using this sample found them to be associated with BMI and substance use disorders (Barry et al., 2008; Grant, Stinson, Dawson, Chou, Dufour et al., 2006; Grant, Stinson, Dawson, Chou, Ruan et al., 2006; Petry et al., 2008), history of any lifetime and past-year mood disorder episode (including major depression, dysthymia, manic episode, and hypomanic episode), history of any lifetime and past year anxiety disorder episode (including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder without agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, agoraphobia without panic, social phobia, and specific phobia), and history of any personality disorder (including antisocial, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid, schizoid, and histrionic personality disorders) were also covariates in the logistic regression analyses. All mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were assessed using the AUDADIS-IV. Reliability and validity of AUDADIS-IV assessments are fair to good for mood, anxiety, and personality disorders (Grant, Dawson et al., 2003).
