COGA data used in the current study are available from the website https://zork5.wustl.edu/coganew/contacts.html upon written request. Details regarding access to COGA data are available through the National Institute of Alcoholism and Abuse at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov.proxy.library.vcu.edu/research/major-initiatives/collaborative-studies-genetics-alcoholism-coga-study#Access. Following an embargo period, COGA data are also available from the publicly accessible dbGAP database at http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.library. vcu.edu/gap/?term = COGA (IDs: phs000763.v1.p1).