We conclude the special issue by providing a description of the key findings of each of these papers and offer several suggestions and potential next steps 13. Scott 14 also provides an important commentary on the current state of the science, pointing to several cultural and political issues relevant to the planning and conduct of genetic studies. It has been an exciting opportunity to put together this issue. We are thankful for and appreciate the effort and work on the part of both the authors and the journal editors that has resulted in this special issue.