C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River or Harlan and housed according to UCSD or Salk Institute protocols, respectively. Mouse primary microglia cells and astrocytes from the cerebrum of P0 pups. After 10–14 days of culture, microglia cells were isolated from astrocytes by the magnetic sorting using anti-mouse CD11b beads (Miltenyi). Purity of each population was over 98%, as determined by FACS. Murine microglial BV2 cells (kindly provided by Katerina Akassoglou) and macrophage RAW264.7 cells were maintained with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (low endotoxin, Hyclone) and penicillin/streptomycin. For other cells, details appear in Supplemental Experimental Procedures.