To date, robust, widely replicated associations in non-isolate populations are limited to variants in three genes: PPARG (encoding the peroxisomal proliferative activated receptor gamma; P12A102), KCNJ11 (the inwardly-rectifying Kir6.2 component of the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel; E23K103) and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2; rs7903146 (refs 104, 105)).