The Iowa Gambling Task was initially implemented in patients with ventromedial PFC damage;218 these individuals exhibit remarkably poor performance in the task, despite being unaffected in many other intellectual dimensions. Pharmacologic inactivation studies in rats demonstrated the roles of the basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in performance of the Rat Gambling Task.244 Functional disconnection studies have also shown the importance of communication between the basolateral amygdala and either the nucleus accumbens or prefrontal cortex in choice behavior in the Probabilistic Discounting Task.245
