In vitro CMOS MEAs have already been used in a wide variety of applications, for recording, for electrical stimulation or for both. Figure 5 lists in vitro CMOS MEAs, their key specifications and preparations for which they have been used so far. Some additional in vitro CMOS-based MEAs that are not listed in Figure 5 can be found here: (Tokuda et al., 2006; Greve et al., 2007; Meyburg et al., 2007; Yegin et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2012). In addition, the functionality of some in vivo CMOS MEAs has also been demonstrated using in vitro applications (Aziz et al., 2009).