HC were recruited by advertisements and word-of-mouth. Exclusion criteria for HC included a past or current DSM-IV Axis I disorder based on a SCID interview or having a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder. Exclusion criteria for all groups included history of substance dependence or abuse within the past year, a history of a significant medical or neurological illness, or a history of head injury resulting in loss of consciousness. The study was approved by the Yale University institutional review board, and adult participants provided written informed consent. In the case of minors, parents provided written informed consent; youths provided written informed assent.