Chunk #17 — Epigenesis: The Developmental Cascade of Risk, Heterogeneity of Developmental Course, and Possible Indirect Genetic Effects on the Disinhibition Pathway
however, is a conceptual framework that can incorporate exogenous factors not predicted by prior exposure or trajectory vector. Schulenberg and colleagues' concept of developmental discontinuities (Schulenberg, Maggs, & O'Malley, 2003) and disturbances (Zucker, Wong, et al., 2006) is an early effort to incorporate these effects into the system. Discontinuities can create a permanent shift in a trajectory (disturbance as turning point) or, alternatively, can create a “ripple effect” (disturbance as perturbation). The work of Hussong and colleagues (2004, 2008) on developmental snare and launch point effects is another early effort to refine the solely continuity model that has dominated the field.
