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Chunk #11 — 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS — 2.3 Assessment of neurocognitive function

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Structural brain differences in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid substance dependence.
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The neurocognitive domains and constituent measures evaluated were as follows (for details, see (Durazzo et al., 2010)): Executive skills: Short Categories Test, color-word portion of the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test part B, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd Edition (WAIS-III) Similarities, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64: Computer Version 2-Research Edition non-perseverative errors, perseverative errors, and perseverative responses. Fine Motor Skills: Grooved Pegboard Test. General Intelligence: Ward-7 Full Scale IQ; based on WAIS-III Arithmetic, Block Design, Digit Span, Digit Symbol, Information, Picture Completion, and Similarities subtests. Learning and memory: Auditory-verbal: California Verbal Learning Test-II Immediate Recall trials 1–5 (learning), Short and Long Delay Free Recall (memory). Visuospatial: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Total Recall (learning) and Delayed Recall (memory). Processing speed: WAIS-III Digit Symbol, Stroop Color & Word, WAIS-III Symbol Search Trail Making Test-A. Visuospatial skills: WAIS-III Block Design; Luria-Nebraska Item 99. Working memory: WAIS-III Arithmetic, WAIS-III Digit Span. The raw scores for all neurocognitive measures (except Luria-Nebraska Item 99 ratio) were converted to age-adjusted (e.g., Short Categories Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, WAIS-III subtests) or age-and-education-adjusted (e.g., Trails A and B via Heaton