We excluded SNPs in each individual dataset that had a mean GenCall Score < 0.7, missingness > 5%, a minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.01 or a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test P-value < 10−6, using PLINK32. A total of 304,013 SNPs in the adult dataset and 529,379 SNPs in the adolescent dataset passed this process, but only those in the autosomes were included in the analysis (295,400 SNPs for the adult dataset, 516,345 SNPs for the adolescent dataset and an intersect of 294,831 SNPs for the combined dataset).