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Chunk #33 — Results — A single effective sample size does not capture all variance inflations in genotype frequency estimations, but it provides a good approximation

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Effective sample size: Quick estimation of the effect of related samples in genetic case-control association analyses.
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Figure 2 shows αG,sibpair’s of the three genotypes as a function of p; also shown are the genotype frequency variance (multiplied by the sample size). Variances of genotype frequencies calculated from independent samples are shown in solid lines as a comparison. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the variance inflation of allele frequency is distinct from those of genotype frequencies in that its α is a constant value 2/3 independent of p. It illustrates that one should not expect a single parameter to correct the variance inflation in correlated samples for all circumstances.