The subjects who participated in the GWAS ( = 11,696) and the replication study ( = 5,462) were enrolled by the BioBank Japan Project [7] (Table S1). Subjects who were determined to be of non-Japanese origin by self-report or by PCA and IBS (identity-by-state) analysis were not included. Clinical information, including subject age, gender and smoking history (smoking quantity, age of smoking cessation and age of smoking initiation), was collected using a standard questionnaire (Table S1).
