vary across AA and EA women, it is possible that AA women (but not men or EA women) from the FSCD study represent a high-risk group. For instance, when compared to the alcohol and nicotine dependence studies, AA women from the cocaine (FSCD) study were more likely to report lower household income (59.6 vs. 34.4%) and a greater likelihood of less than a high school education (32.6 vs 17.4%). Thus, this vulnerability might reflect environmental adversity rather than increased genetic susceptibility, and in any case, is accounted for in the genomic analyses by incorporating study sample and gender as covariates.
