Chunk #7 — Introduction

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Parent-child conflict as an etiological moderator of childhood conduct problems: an example of a 'bioecological' gene-environment interaction.

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estimates): ‘unlike in a diathesis–stress model, the environmental factor in a bioecological interaction does not necessarily act on the same biological substrate as the genetic risk factors. Instead, it may just allow those genetic risk factors to account for more of the variance in outcome, because environmental risk factors that affect that outcome have been minimized’ (Pennington et al. 2009, p. 80).