The 3-year persistence of alcohol, cannabis and nicotine disorders was studied among those with current diagnoses of these disorders at wave 1 [23▪▪]. Antisocial, borderline and schizotypal personality disorders consistently predicted persistent course of all three disorders. A similar design addressed the persistence of any drug disorder (cannabis, other illicit substances, and/or nonmedical use of prescription drugs) [24▪▪]. Antisocial, borderline and schizotypal personality disorders also predicted the persistence of this outcome. The course of nicotine dependence was studied by examining current nicotine dependence diagnosis at wave 2 among those with wave 1 lifetime nicotine dependence [25]. A combined personality disorder category representing the personality disorders assessed at wave 1 predicted current nicotine dependence at wave 2.
