We derived 12-month and lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses of NUD and other DUDs (sedative or tranquilizer, cannabis, amphetamine, cocaine, club drug, opioid, heroin, hallucinogen, and solvent or inhalant) similarly to the procedure used for diagnoses of AUD. The DUD diagnoses were aggregated to yield a diagnosis of any DUD. Test-retest reliabilities were fair to excellent for NUD (diagnoses in the past 12 months, κ = 0.50; diagnoses before the past 12 months, κ = 0.87) and DUD (κ range, 0.40-0.54) diagnoses and higher for their dimensional counterparts (ICCs, 0.45-0.84).24 Concordance on NUD and DUD diagnoses in the AUDADIS-5 and PRISM-5 and in dimensional scales was fair to excellent (κ range, 0.36-0.66; ICCs, >0.68 [in general]).26
