In the UKB cohort, there were 121,604 individuals with AUDIT scores available for GWAS analysis (Supplementary Table 7). The UKB sample was 56.2% female (N = 68,389) and the mean age was 56.1 years (S.D. = 7.7). The mean AUDIT total score was 5.0 (S.D. = 4.18, range = 0–40); a histogram showing the distribution of the scores is shown in Supplementary Figure 2. Over the prior year, 91.9% of the participants reported drinking 1 or 2 drinks on a single day. Over the prior year, 6.3% of the participants reported they were not able to stop drinking once they started, and 10.7% felt guilt or remorse after drinking alcohol (Supplementary Table 7). Males had significantly higher AUDIT total mean scores than females (6.09 ± 4.45 vs. 4.15 ± 3.72, respectively; β = 0.47, p < 2 × 10−6; Supplementary Figure 3). In addition, age was negatively correlated with AUDIT scores (β = −0.02, p < 2 × 10−6; Supplementary Table 8). Therefore, both sex and age were used as covariates in the GWAS analyses. The mean AUDIT-C score was
