The significant association between pre-treatment glucose level and pre-treatment PHDD suggests that alcohol dependent subjects reported higher PHDD (during the 90 days before starting the trial) also have higher glucose levels. This result was consistent with our initial hypothesis and suggests important clinical implications. In fact, this result is consistent with the notion that heavy alcohol drinking represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases through the increase of blood glucose level, and increasing the risk of several related conditions such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and hypertension (O’Keefe et al., 2007).
