The lack of confirmation of SNP associations with phenotypes related to HIV-1 disease may point to false-positive associations. However, it cannot be excluded that lack of confirmation relates to the calendar time of seroconversion of the cohort participants in combination with the adaptation of HIV-1 to its host environment Indeed, certain associations between host genetic background and the clinical course of infection or viral load set-point have disappeared over time at a population level [33], [34] (van Manen et al, submitted for publication).
