Interestingly, no gender-specific neuropsychological differences were found in our study, contradicting the findings elsewhere of greater female vulnerability to alcohol morbidity in adolescence (Brown and Tapert, 2004; Moss et al., 1994; Tarter et al., 1995). In the USA, for example, female vs. male adolescents with SUDs display poorer results in tests of sustained attention, intelligence, perceptual speed and language achievement (Tarter et al., 1995).