role of GABRA2 in the subjective responses to alcohol could be independent of ALDH2. As for the acute adaptation, only participants with ALDH2*1/*1 reported significantly different subjective effects of alcohol according to the genotype of GABRA2 SNP6. These results for acute adaptation can be interpreted in the following way: the effects of ALDH2*1/*2 on the subjective responses to alcohol were so overwhelming that the effects of GABRA2 might be masked in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2.