and GlyT2 which is primarily neuronal) at the excitatory synapse (GlyTs are represented by gene families Slc6a and Slc7a). Given the increased interest in N-acetyl-cysteine’s role in mental health, it is equally important to recognize the cystine–glutamate exchanger’s (xCT = Slc7a11) role in reversing damage induced by excessive extracellular glutamate. The xCT, generally located on glial cells, takes up cystine and releases glutamate molecules. Cystine is then converted to cysteine, which is used to synthesize glutathione and other proteins. Glutathione is a key antioxidant and important in reversing neuronal damage induced by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.58
