confounding variables (measured and unmeasured) were not assessed in this study. Seventh, we did not examine the mechanisms that might explain the relationship between parenting styles and HED trajectories. Future studies should assess potential mediators (e.g., affiliation with deviant peers) in the relationship of parenting style with HED trajectories. A last limitation is that this study relied on adolescents’ self-reports of parenting style. However, it appears that an adolescent’s perceptions of his/her parenting behavior is more relevant to development outcomes than their parents’ perceptions of their own parenting behaviors (Gray & Steinberg, 1999).
