has resulted in physical or psychological damage. Additionally, Babor and colleagues [14] recommend further evaluation for alcohol dependence for those who score 20 or higher. Accordingly, our study population was subdivided into four groups based upon total AUDIT score and history of alcohol dependence treatment: (1) control drinkers scored ≤12 on the AUDIT but were not alcohol naïve (n = 105); (2) hazardous drinkers scored 13-19 on the AUDIT (excluded from further genetic analyses, n = 32); (3) problem drinkers had an AUDIT score ≥20 (n = 64); and (4) treated alcoholics were recruited from alcohol treatment facilities (n = 104).
