Data from 10 Japanese studies indicated that 41 to 52 percent of Japanese possessed at least one ALDH2*2 allele, including 1 to 8 percent who were homozygous for ALDH2*2 (Amamoto et al. 2002; Goedde et al. 1992; Higuchi et al. 1996; Saito et al. 2003; Sun et al. 1999; Takeshita and Morimoto 1999: Takeshita et al. 1994; Tanaka et al. 1997; Yamada et al. 2002; Yokoyama et al. 2005). Somewhat higher rates were reported in one small Japanese study (N = 15), in which 66 percent of the participants possessed at least one ALDH2*2 allele, including 13 percent who were homozygous for ALDH2*2 (Shibuya et al. 1989).
