The cerebellum has been most notably associated with the coordination of motor functions, particularly the movement of voluntary muscles and the maintenance of balance and postural stability. Although the cerebellum plays a prominent role in motor functions, the cerebellum is also involved in planning and reasoning abilities, assisting the prefrontal cortex in these functions (Strick et al. 2009). The cerebellum is extensively interconnected to the neocortex through both feedforward and feedback mechanisms (Fig. 1). In addition, physiological observations support the existence of pathways to and from the amygdala, hippocampus, and posterior hypothalamus (Anand et al. 1959; Harper and Heath 1973; Schmahmann and Pandya 1997). These pathways have been shown to subserve a number of executive functions involved in affective regulation (Baillieux et al. 2008).
