developing a lifetime diagnosis of a SUD as opposed to a lifetime report of either abstinence or some form of non-problematic use (i.e., defined here as experimentation or repeated-use without an abuse or dependence diagnosis) 5 years later were determined using weighted logistic regression. Odds-ratios in favor of a SUD diagnosis for a given substance were adjusted for age (mean deviated), gender, and substance use and SUD patterns for other substances at Wave 1. Because we utilized lifetime measures of drug involvement, respondents could not report a lesser level of drug involvement with a given substance in the second wave. For instance, a person who was identified as a repeat-user (with no SUD diagnosis) can later be classified as still being a repeat-user (with no SUD diagnosis) or as having a SUD, but not as an abstainer. Respondents who violated this protocol were not included in the weighted logistic regression analyses predicting SUDs at Wave 2.We found that roughly 2.4–4% of the sample gave inconsistent responses, depending on the predicted substance.
