Increasing evidence suggests that new neurons play a role in certain forms of brain function involving olfaction- and hippocampal- dependent learning and memory. Studies in mammals using different strains of mice (Kempermann and Gage, 2002), Environmental Enrichment (Kempermann et al., 1997; van Praag et al., 1999), Genetic manipulations (Shimazu et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2003; Saxe et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2008a), aged rats [For review see (Bizon and Gallagher, 2005)], stress paradigms (Lemaire et al., 2000), irradiation (Rola et al., 2004; Madsen et al., 2003; Raber et al., 2004) and the DNA methylating agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM; (Shors et al., 2002)), have each shown direct correlations between neurogenesis and performance in spatial memory tasks. Recently, Trouche and colleagues (2009) show that newly integrated neurons in the granule layer of the DG are recruited in a context- and stimulus-specific manner, and contribute to strengthening of memory circuits related to the stimulus given (Trouche et al., 2009). Computational hypotheses have suggested that the turnover of neurons in the DG associated with neurogenesis may provide protection against memory interference when
